Pdf a superconducting homopolar motor and generator. The specifications of the high temperature superconducting material used in the rotor of the hts hysteresis motor is shown in table 2 and also the dimensions of the conventional and hts. Lordstown motors pushing back electrictruck production to early 2021. Ornl superconducting motor has big possibilities ornl. For example, the voltage and current levels, the cryocooler outer wall temperature and the displacer piston stroke are monitored by a control system. Manassas park, va may 15, 2012 dhi defense holdings, inc. Electric motors with high temperature cuprate superconductors in the rotor copper applications in electrical applications.
At first glance, the complete absence of losses in the dc case engenders some attractive possibilities for dc power transmission, while the existence of ac losses due to electrical and mechanical forces apparently decreases. The development of a small power, high temperature superconductor hts synchronous motor ion dobrin1, alexandru m. As with all superconducting motors, the superconducting wire can carry larger amounts of current than copper wire, and therefore create more. Commercial rules for making money with superconducting. It involves a torque motor where the windings in the stator are made of hightc superconducting tape and the rotor contains an array of permanent magnets. A superconducting homopolar motor and generator new approaches. They have enormous potential and can be used in various applications in process industries, pumps blowers etc. We have considered ln2, lhe and lne as cooling media for cooling the rotor of superconducting motor. The two rotors and the stator are placed in a single vacuum chamber, and the shaft is. So superconducting motor smaller and lighter than a gas turbine can be potentially built, which makes ea possible. A brushless homopolar dynamoelectric machine motor 1 has a rotor 3 with a least one winding 5 having multiple turns. Mw hts propulsion motor, ieee transactions on applied superconductivity.
With an intention of proving the feasibility of using superconductivity in automotive motors and getting superconducting technology known widely in industries and society at large, sumitomo electric prototyped the worlds first superconducting electric motor cars using its comprehensive hightemperature superconductivity technology. Incorporating coils of hts wire that are able to carry 150 times the current of similarsized copper wire makes the motor less than half the size of conventional motors used on the first two ddg. Motors and generators are already very efficient, so there is not the power savings associated with superconducting. Superconductor motor for navy passes fullpower test. Both motors should be delivered toward the end of 2003.
It has developed the motor in conjunction with the swiss motor developer smartdrives, the german superconductor specialist evico, and the leibniz institute for solid state and materials research. Aug 07, 2014 a series of lectures on superconductivity. The total ac statorwinding losses, estimated by combining. If there are advantages of lower size and weight for hp motors, why dont they also exist for 100 or 300 hp motors. A rotor assembly for use within a superconducting electric motor includes a superconducting winding formed of high temperature superconductor and during operation, generates a flux path within the rotor assembly. High power density superconducting rotating machines. The coils for two spi project 5,000hp motors are presently being developed at american superconductor and the company is now under contract to begin design on a 25,000 hp hts ship propulsion motor for the u. Superconducting motor uses solidstate cooling drives. Jan, 2009 a typical navy ship, such as the ddx destroyer, needs two propulsion motors, each rated at 36. The superconducting motor coil was wound using bi2223 dibscco. Superconducting electric machines are electromechanical systems that rely on the use of one or more superconducting elements. The four main hts materials are bscco2223, ybco123, bscco2212, and mgb2. Design and market considerations for axial flux superconducting. Many practical applications are predicted for superconducting dc motors and generators.
Stationary field winding assembly to utilize mri technology explore peak fields up to 10t high field superconductor e. The high temperature superconducting hysteresis motors are numerically simulated using finite element method based software comsol multiphysics. The motor is an axisymmetric motor in which superconductive materials are used. With respect to the electric power industry, the superconducting ac generator has the greatest potential for largescale commercial application of superconductivity. Jun 12, 2008 until now, however, they have never been used to power an automobile, says sumitomo, who developed an ultrapowerful 365kw superconducting motor last year. Us5144179a superconducting brushless homopolar motor.
Abstract high temperature superconducting hts motors have a good prospect in application of marine propulsion and wind energy for its benefits of lighter, more impact and high efficiency. A superconducting wire with an improved critical current value can improve electric power quality and energy efficiency of applied products, such as power cables, electric transformers, motors, generators and magnets. Assessment of high temperature superconducting hts. Electric motors using high temperature superconducting. Us5144179a superconducting brushless homopolar motor with. The test results showed that the motor has torque of 6 nm and an output of 30 kw, and the prototype vehicle obtains the maximum speed of 80 kmh. The most important parameter that is of utmost interest in superconducting machine is the generation of a very high magnetic field that. Superconducting ac homopolar machines for highspeed.
Numerical investigation of critical states in superposed. High temperature superconductors for to determine what. It takes into account not only the state of the art for high and low critical temperature superconductors and the electromagnetic performances but also the mechanical and cryogenic problems and the aimed applications for these superconducting motors. Reliability evaluation of stirling cryocooler for an. Solenoid pairs 15a, 15b, 17a, 17b comprise field windings for the motor and compensate for winding and field losses. Incorporating coils of hts wire that are able to carry 150 times the power of similarsized copper wire, the motor is less than half the size of conventional motors used on the first two ddg hulls and will reduce ship weight by nearly 200 metric tons. By contrast, scientists dont yet understand the mechanism behind most hightemperature superconductors but they know its not cooper pairs. Proposal of a novel design for linear superconducting. Combining these two equations leads to leading to a thermal equilibrium. For the majority of electrical superconducting machines, the structure is a classical one, and the magnetic flux is a radial one, ailam explained. When current is passed through a wire loop that lies in a magnetic field, a turning force, or torque, is created that causes the loop to rotate.
Stator and rotor assemblies prior to joining to form the motor. A superconducting motor with the characteristics specified in table i is considered for the pressure drop and heat transfer analysis. Superconducting motor experimental demonstrator and also by epsrc grant no. The design, magnetization and control of a superconducting.
The schematic diagram of the considered geometry of hts motor is shown in fig. Such large motors have been built using conventional technology but they are four to five times heavier than the onr funded 36. Jay doernhach cn it cd tech rio log ies co rporu t ion prott cg i. Two prototypes of electric motor fabricated using conventional copper coil and superconducting coil were developed with similar motor type, design, dimension, and features. Use superconductors when weight and size is an issue, and you. The structure of the prototype super motor generator is schematically illustrated in fig. Us5777420a superconducting synchronous motor construction. Oct 15, 2001 superconducting motors based on high temperature superconductors are much more efficient than conventional electric motors and can be made smaller, lighter and more economically. A typical navy ship, such as the ddx destroyer, needs two propulsion motors, each rated at 36. The navy currently has contracts to build two subscale.
Superconducting motors based on high temperature superconductors are much more efficient than conventional electric motors and can be made smaller, lighter and more economically. A superconducting wire can transmit a dc current without losses or an ac current with an extremely small loss. The research will be carried out by two groups with a track record in linear motors tue and superconducting applications ut and is supported by industrial partners. Superconductor technology combining proper electrical, mechanical and thermal. Aug 10, 2016 superconducting motors are not useless in a bev, they just dont make economic sense.
Superconducting motors about to move from the lab to ships. Superconducting magnets installed in linear motor cars create repulsive and attractive forces between ground coils that are built into guideway panels on either side of a railroad track. Cryocooled cooling system for superconducting magnet. Index termshightemperature superconductor, motors, generators, rotating. Combining 5, 7, and the conditions above and setting the magnitude of br 0. Superconducting dc generators and motors ieee journals. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. From an acloss viewpoint, the construction of a fully superconducting motor is a. While offering enhanced or new functionalities, 3d superconducting structures have a richer magnetic response than planar devices. High power density superconducting motor for allelectric aircraft propulsion. May 24, 2007 superconducting motor to increase power density. In contrast, a superconducting motor would be very lightweight and far more efficient electrically, generating three times the torque of a conventional electric motor for. Assessment of high temperature superconducting hts electric motors for rotorcraft propulsion.
Superconducting wires for directdrive wind generators qiang li pi brookhaven national lab i c enhancement at 30 and 77k relative to an unirradiated control sample of a stationary short sample and a moving tape after irradiation with 18 mev au to a dose of 6x1011 2aucm. Superconductivity is an unusual phenomenon exhibited by a number of materials when they are cooled to very low temperatures. The understanding of this motor can be simplified by the schematic shown in fig. Development of hightemperature superconducting motor for. Such a machine should be able to convert mechanical energy to electric energy more efficiently and with greater economy of weight and volume than any other method. Schematic diagram of the prototype super motor generator which is a synchronous fourpole machine. This article presents the simple theory of operations and loss mechanisms of the dc generator, and discusses methods for minimizing these losses most of todays superconducting dc generators were designed. Motors are machines that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy using magnetic forces. In the present study, a superconducting motor with a refrigerator is mounted on a converted vehicle a toyota crown athlete to verify its feasibility in a vehicle environment.
The transition between normal behavior and the superconducting state occurs at the critical temperature, which varies with each material. As the navy moves to the allelectric warship, superconducting. A three phase stator is responsible to produce a traveling magnetic field, as described in the basic books of electric machines 20. The most common form of hts ac machines is the hts synchronous motor. Establish feasibility of superconducting motor with.
Pdf design of superconducting ac propulsion motors for hybrid. In this respect, stateoftheart ship propulsion motors are almost entirely alternating current ac synchronous wound eld water cooled motors, or ac asynchronous induction motors. Nb 3sn active magnetic shield to eliminate field outside while maximizing air gap flux density. The layout of hysteresis motor is shown in figure 1. Pdf design of superconducting ac propulsion motors for. This new and extensive white paper covers the basics of coreless dc motors, and the advantages of the coreless selfsupporting rotor.
One motor is an ac synchronous type using hts coils in the rotor. This electric motor generator machine coupled to a. Nasa conducts and funds research to advance the state of the art in aeronautics, including improvements in aircraft design leading to enhanced performance in areas such as noise, emissions, and safety. For example, the gyros that keep satellites oriented could use frictionless bearings made from superconducting magnets, improving the satellites precision. However, mgb 2 remains superconducting at higher temperatures than its lowtemp cousins can manage its critical temperature is 234 degrees c. Superconducting motors superconducting motors and generators could be made with a weight of about one tenth that of conventional devices for the same output.
Motor for electric vehicle sumitomo electric industries. This is the appeal of making such devices for specialized applications. Prototype vehicle with superconducting motor the authors developed two prototype superconducting electric vehicles in 2007 and 2008. Energy savings pay off primarily for large motors, 1,000 horsepower and greater. The study and test for 1mw high temperature superconducting motor. Development ofhigh temperature superconducting machines. Since superconductors have no dc resistance, they typically have greater efficiency. Pdf high power density superconducting motor for all. Epp0007381 entitled development of superconducting composite permanent magnets for synchronous motors. This indepth ebook provides details and application examples.
A cryogenic cooling system using a twostage cryocooler for a superconducting magnet has been designed, fabricated and tested. Electric motors are so efficient, and powerful enough already, that the minor benefit outweighs the cost. High power density superconducting motor for allelectric aircraft propulsion article pdf available in ieee transactions on applied superconductivity 152. One of the prospective applications of hightemperature bulk superconductors is a superconducting magnet for the magnetically levitated maglev train.
This levitates the train by 10 centimeters, and the repeated repulsive and attractive force propels the train forwards at speeds of up to 500 kmh. A particular class of 3d structures is obtained by stacking nanostructured superconducting layers, resulting in systems where the planar subcomponents are. Like a typical motor, a superconducting motor has two main components. Also, the electric motors aboard spacecraft could be a mere 14 to 16 the size of non superconducting motors, saving precious volume and weight in the spacecrafts design. Electric motors using high temperature superconducting materials applied to power generating station equipment tr101127v2 3149 final report, january 1997 prepared for electric power research institute 3412 hillview avenue palo alto, california 94304 epri project manager j. In motors, this rotating motion is transmitted to a shaft. Abstract we have developed a new type of superconducting synchronous rotating machine whose selfinduction is cancelled out, with the intention of achieving a very high powertoweight ratio including the weight of the cooling system.
For highlydynamic applications, the losses in superconductors play an important role in the performance of such motors. Coupled electromagneticthermal model of a superconducting motor. Application requirements in order to describe the design process, a. Superconductor applications georgia state university. The navy hasnt officially decided to use superconducting motors for the ddx yet. Superconductor research points towards feasible electric. Sumitomos motor uses hightemperature superconducting wires instead of the copper wire typically used in the coils in electric vehicle motors. Numerical study of a synchronous linear motor with a high. Selected hightemperature superconducting electric power products. Introduction to superconducting motor the concept of electrical ducted fan has been proposed that. Ac loss in superconducting tapes and cables university of twente. The superconducting motor is the latest in a series of superconducting applications that festo has demonstrated in recent years. A novel type of linear superconducting motor using 2g tape stacks is proposed in the present manuscript.
Florida state university libraries electronic theses, treatises and dissertations the graduate school 2006 cooling concept for the armature winding of high temperature superconducting motor mohit mathur follow this and additional works at the fsu digital library. America, germany, korea, and some other countries have developed a series of hts synchronous motors in different scales, and focused on the largescale ship propulsion hts motors. Design and performance analysis of superconducting rimdriven synchronous motors for marine propulsion amir hassannia and ahmad darabi abstractrimdriven thrusters have received much attention concerning the potential bene. Proposed high temperature superconducting hysteresis motor superconducting hysteresis motor is almost identical with conventional hysteresis motor but its rotor is constructed from hts materials ybco. The field coil produces a magnetic field using an oxide of bismuth, strontium, calcium and copper oxide bscco, a hightemperature superconducting wire. Modernizing the infrastructure the general acceptance of superconducting power equipment by the electric utilities and. The other motor is a dc homopolar type using stationary lts coils. Electric motors with high temperature cuprate superconductors. Courtesy of professor bartek glowaki of the university of cambridge, who filmed, directed and edited the videos. The most important parameter that is of utmost interest in superconducting machine is the generation of a very high magnetic field that is not possible in a conventional machine.
Simulation of high temperature superconducting hysteresis. It is the most important characteristic of a superconducting wire. One of them, studied in the socalled sutor project, is shown in fig. Thus, the hts superconducting motor is the ideal machine for nextgeneration ship propulsion applications. The authors firstly investigate the applicability of this type of machine as a generator in small and mediumsized wind turbines, then the applicability as an inwheel hub motor for electric vehicles. These prototypes are providing the technical data and valuable operating experience base needed to accelerate the acceptance of superconducting technologies and to open up vast global markets. The rotor is inductively charged using a flux pump or a rectifier. Superconducting motors and generators for naval applications. Stationary field winding assembly to utilize mri technology. Patten2 1materials science and technology division 2saic background and significance.
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